23
oficina gentium Venerable bede
Wynfrith
fedition Boniface
Kanut
Fric the Red
Ricci
19000
Massacre
Puitace
Burukina Faso---in top five of abs poor, percentage wise top --lowest GNP (103) Sierra Leone top 5 --highest infant moratality (103)0 the Triad 1) needs of poor 2) kerygma 3) X churches (106) NT 1st of CHr missions (Neil 86) Only 3 evang religiosa:) buddhism car 3) islam-am is owing Languag ist Aramdom Grech Many Jews 7% pPaul-the greatest... of Church-Palestne, Antioch, Asia Minor, ROme.. where it went--Egypt.. Pre-const. post const... King Abgar..--writes letter to JEsus Year 5000--markes the beginning. f the "thousand years of uncertainty" 952)... Roman Empire--pressumes on border..Huns-- senseless destruciton.. Alaric the Goth--capture & saced Rome in AD 410.. Barbarians --Clovis--the majority who be Chr's were Arians... 500 A.D. 2 conflicts 1) strg with barbarians 2)undending battle with Islam.. a>.. Factory of Nations--from central Euroe to through Russia to Central Asia (53) "oficina gentium" Imperial church becomes feudal re barbarians.. Other side 622-- Muhammad moeved from Mecca to Medina..Arabs--moved past destryong i empires of Persia, Jrslm, Caesarea, Palestine & Syria, Alexandria, Egypt.... Muslis Muslims stopped by C. Martel in France, this thus, b never got north of the Pyrenees (846).. Rome plundered by Muslims..902- Siciliy 1453- Constantinople fell, thus the bulwark of Christiandom was at an end (55) the Arabs.. used Chr's as peasant farmers --Analogy--mnophysites wine & water, Nestonians --oil & water C. of Chalcedon--neither (56) civilization was synonymous with Rome and with Christian 3 factors that contribute to spread of Gospel 1) royal favour 20 martyrdom 3) monasticism 957) Venerable Bede--the one great historian of dark ages in Britian 9673) Gregory the Great--first example of a planeed mission since Paul (58)-- dispatched Augustine on mission to England.. Destroy Idols 3 streams of CHr.. British, Celtic, Roman.. Missioanry zeal.. Ikdf from Irish monasticism..Most notable St. Coumbia..apostle of Scotland (60) Theodore of Tarsus-- fashioned England into the regular was of ecclesiasti life (62) Columba II--a wanderer for Christ.. greates DA missionary --- Wynfrith of Credition.. aka Boniface.. Boniface.. 5 periods 1) Frisia.. 2) 722 consecrated by pope Greg II (great turning point) 3) fell the "sacred oak" a symbolic victory.. 40 4) curbed abuses of Frankish he church 5) penitential discipline Monks rule of St. Benedect. Charlegmagne 771-814 --wole ruler of Franks 8000--crowned as emperor thust "That strange arh chealogical fiction ..the Holy Roman Empire came into being for 1000 e years.. Carolo ingina Renaissance--set in motion by CH.. Constant Military campaigns--saxons were the meance Ch pacified 7 converted themm Ansar Anskar --missionary to Scandavia nations (832 ad (70) At the same time Eastern Roman Empire at Constantinope was Christian.. do not minimize t the Byzantine history.. from 1453 back 111 centuries elapsed, more that the whole couse of Eng Hist..cConstantine commissioned Slavonic trnsltn --Slavonic culture (75)0 Russia--almost be lilslamic but Byzantine diplomacy mangaed to preavaill 3 great areas 1) Bohemia 2)Poland 3) Hungary.. Muslims" cut world in two...western Europe cut off from Asia.. Nestorian Christians--penetrate China.. (a lesser known fact) 81 ad.. Christiaity of China..mostly monastic Power broken by Buddhist emperor..End of 1000 --end of D.A. --Europe Chr vital.., mid-east struggling, "darkest" period over.. 1000-1500 --unreached borders of Europe included Scandavia--Barbarians had remained isolate,d but in 8th century became terror of Europe (86)... Danish church be corporate body in 1104... Ireland..--savagely attacked by Norwegians. Danes --attacke westrn Eurpe.. Denmark 1st entry for Christians from W. Europe (87).. Anskar.. King Canue aka Kanut esstablished Chr in Denmark (88).. Olaf 969 ad Olaf of Norway, a Viking swash buckle who be baptized by hermit, later elected king.... Iceland--Erick the Red,(Greenland)00--son Leif. (i.e. Leif Erkson).. Sweden--the slowest convert..Finland later. 1200 Ad by 1200 almost all of Europe was in to Chr (93)0 Lithuanians only non-Chr 's remaining.. The Crusades neg. effects 1) injured e/w relations 2) muslim relations--still fresh intheir minds 3) lowered moral temp of Chr.. Manff...he could hear the voice coming from the talk-see box in the room next door.. hmmm.. he but he contineud on theogram...a he was seeking to know as much abt Muslm evang as possible and this was significant.. Oh Lord keep me going.. Many Philosophers-THeo denounced the crusades T. Aw said "even the infidel has certain natural rights.." 98) New Order be of the crusades and teh subsequent outcry the
Alaric the Goth
Bede the greg great
Carolingian
"NestoriaNs. Olaf of Norway
first to take action was "St. Francis of Assisi..wo who went to Egyot and the shift from monastery to friars (99) was to occur, the Franciscans & Dominicans who slkdf Central Asia--the mongols invade. led by Genghis Khan, who, however, did respect religion.. Turks--become Muslim Ik rather than Chr... Spain Chr pressure began driving the Muslims back (1114) Ramon' Lull makes as one of the greatest missioanris in the histo fo the church, born in Mallorca(115) re. the Saraceus... he notd three nece things a) comp & acc knowledge of their language b0 compos book in which truth of Chr religion should be revealed c co courage even at cost of life 1500-1600 ad as of age of discovery.. Basque Francis Aavier..--the most famous of 11 all RC missionaries.. 1st part of f call was God becomes important tmissionary to the Japense.. be enlightened to a new understanding not always i nece to build from bottom up in missions (ie. tabula rasa) in some civilization such as Jap, which ahas much nobility, it need nt reject al a worthless (133) "Mace. In Macao, after Xavier, the most famous ofall RC missionariesi n the cast was Ricci (139)) 1565- 1st miskf of Augustines to the Philipines.. to this t day the Philipines remains unique in the world as the one Chr. nation in the east (143).. RC missions 1600- -1787.. India--Jesuit--NObali-- permanent missionary.. A Rhodes--used catechists as new mission method.. New Beginnings 1600- 1800 as Stefan Charp 1383 consecrated as missionary of Russia's attitude towards missionary work changed 1) greater sense of opposition to Islam --Moscow calls itself the 3rd Rome.. 1) greater sens of oppositon to Islam.. Petr the Great--is known for his attempts to Christiaize Siberia.. 7 Phases.. 1) mission i with Siberia..2) to China, 3) Kalmuck -- a nomaic people in Urals 4) mid- volga..5) E. Siberia 6) Kanschatka 7) American Mission.. Movements of Spirit.. Pietism 5 Principless of mission be clear.. 1) church-school together 2) scr in local language 3) must know world view of people 4) definite -personal conversation 5) ned local church (Indian) India --Christian Schwarz the most famous of the missionares (19) 1751 an Africa mission the gold coast (Ghana0 19th century.. variety of missmethods preacher, colonia.. William Carey "father of modern missions' Eng speaking world which has provided 4/5 of the non-Roman missionaries to te present His methiod 1) preach Gospel by every possible mthod.. 2) distribute Bible in all languages 3) estab church asap 4) anthrop-sociol study 5) train indigenous (224) India --much happning (233)0 Duff --highly successful.. (234) educ & evang.. 1847.. Wm Burns.. - a Presbyterian, learned Chinese. translate Pilgrims Progress, restless, constant engaged in journe to interior.. Karl Gutzlaff--aka --saint, visionary, was defruaded by conartists. (242. Judson Burma (249)0 South Paific 1796 --phys beautiful, but deep shadows.. ingrained fear, natural cruelty.. S. p Pacific..-- cannibalism common " one of the first missionaries to set foot on it, began his mission areer by gathering and burying the heads,, an hands and feet of eighty victims who had been cooked and eaten" 92510000 First Island --Tahiti--f difficult be of king a cannibal.. 1843 French displaced English.. Strategy j. wms planted teachers.. Hawaii 81820000 Africa S. Africa 1) bushment, 2) kaffirs "unblvrs", Bantu,, Great Figures 1) J. Vanderkamp. 2) John Philip 3) robert moffat 4) Liningstone (266t) abhored the salve trade.. 1846-1874 -- Mombasa, Kenta and K KJ are found...Japanese Chr-mostly intellectual and individuall. Ch China Mssn Strats 1) inter-denom any miss accepted 2) no formal educ necc--just zeal 30 head office to be in China not England., 4) must wear Chinese dress 5) aim widespread evang.. 19000 Massacre..--am imperioal decree ordering the killling of all foreginers was issue from Peking (287) New Guinea 2nd largest island in the world.. Stevens what commended Chalmers to Stevenson was that you would never have taken him for amissionary.. India --paradox -myth.. although many poor in their late 1800's the missionaries were aiming at the wealthy cases 9 Dan Crawford "thinking black, twenty two years w/o a break in teh long grass of C. Africa..." (19120 (p322).. Rome
Ramon
Lull
Nobali
WM. Carey
Gutzlaff.
John
hers
Here’s section 23 rendered into the 4-part format with added detail to reflect the extensive historical and missionary content:
1. Narrative
Section 23 chronicles the history and global expansion of Christianity, emphasizing missionary efforts from the early medieval period through the 19th century. It begins with early European figures such as the Venerable Bede, Wynfrith (St. Boniface), and the Celtic missionary movement, highlighting the conversion of northern Europe. Key figures like Gregory the Great, who dispatched Augustine to England, and Columba, apostle to Scotland, illustrate the monastic and ecclesiastical strategies for spreading Christianity. Missions were often motivated by a triad of factors: the needs of the poor, the proclamation of the Gospel (kerygma), and the establishment of local churches.
The section traces the spread of Christianity geographically, from Britain and continental Europe to Scandinavia, including Olaf of Norway, Kanut in Denmark, and Erik the Red in Greenland, culminating in the widespread conversion of Europe by 1200 AD. Bolt emphasizes the interplay of political and religious power, noting the role of Charlemagne and the Carolingian Renaissance, the enforcement of church discipline, and military campaigns such as the Saxon pacifications.
The narrative also considers the expansion of Christianity beyond Europe, including early Nestorian missions to China and the Middle East, and the Jesuit and Roman Catholic missions to Asia during the Age of Discovery. Figures like Francis Xavier in Japan, Matteo Ricci in China, Ramon Llull in Mallorca, and Nobili in India exemplify missionary strategies such as learning local languages, understanding cultural worldviews, composing instructional texts, and fostering personal conversion. Widespread missionary efforts in Africa are noted, including William Carey’s work in India, John Philip and Robert Moffat in southern Africa, and Dan Crawford in Central Africa. The section highlights the challenges missionaries faced, including cultural resistance, cannibalism in the South Pacific, political upheaval, and persecution such as the 19,000-person massacre in Peking.
Bolt also underscores key principles for effective missions: integration of church and school, translation of Scripture into local languages, understanding local culture and worldview, cultivating personal conversions, and establishing sustainable local churches. The narrative illustrates the complex interaction between missionary zeal, cross-cultural engagement, and historical circumstances, showing that the growth of Christianity was neither simple nor uniform but involved political, social, and spiritual dimensions.
Notes & Observations
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Early Church & Mission Foundations
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Key figures: Venerable Bede, Wynfrith (Boniface), Kanut, Fric the Red, Ricci.
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Spread of Christianity influenced by royal favor, martyrdom, and monasticism.
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Early missions faced geopolitical challenges: Huns, Alaric, Muslim expansions; Byzantine diplomacy preserved Christianity in Eastern Europe.
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Christianity’s spread in Europe: England (Augustine), Scotland (Columba), Scandinavia (Anskar, Olaf, Erick the Red, Leif Erikson), Denmark (Kanut), Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland (conversion by 1200 AD).
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Crusades & Philosophical Responses
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Crusades had negative consequences: strained East-West relations, weakened moral authority, lingering Muslim-Christian tensions.
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Theological and philosophical critiques emphasized natural rights for non-Christians (e.g., T. Aquinas).
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Shift from monastic to friar missions: Franciscan and Dominican orders emphasized mobility, contextual engagement, and service.
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Global Mission Expansion (1500–1800s)
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Key missionaries: Ramon Lull (Mallorca), Francis Xavier (Japan), Matteo Ricci (China), Nobili (India), William Carey (India), Judson (Burma), Chalmers/Stevens (South Pacific).
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Mission strategies:
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Language and cultural knowledge essential.
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Scripture in local languages.
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Early establishment of local churches.
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Anthropological and sociological understanding of target cultures.
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Training and empowering indigenous leaders.
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Contextual dress and social integration (e.g., Chinese dress for China).
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Regional Mission Notes
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Africa: South Africa, Gold Coast (Ghana), Mombasa, Kenya; engagement with bushmen, Bantu, and “unbelievers”; abhorrence of slave trade (Livingstone).
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South Pacific: Tahiti, Hawaii; early exposure to cannibalism and cultural hazards.
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China: Inter-denominational cooperation, reliance on zeal over formal education, indigenous adaptation.
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India: Focused both on wealthy and poor populations; notable missionaries included Carey and Nobili.
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Socioeconomic & Ethical Observations
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Modern contexts: Burkina Faso and Sierra Leone among poorest nations; top infant mortality rates; critical to integrate care for the poor with evangelism.
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Missions must consider urbanization, poverty, literacy, and political instability.
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Triad for effective missions: 1) needs of the poor, 2) proclamation of kerygma, 3) establishment and growth of local churches.
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Missiological Principles & Lessons
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Holistic approach: combine evangelism with education, social development, and cultural understanding.
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Contextualization is key: adapt methods without abandoning doctrinal fidelity.
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Persistence and personal sacrifice vital: long-term engagement (e.g., Dan Crawford in Central Africa).
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Inter-denominational cooperation enhances effectiveness and avoids unnecessary conflict.
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Key Figures & Keywords
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Ramon Lull, Francis Xavier, Matteo Ricci, Nobili, William Carey, Judson, Chalmers, Stevenson, Dan Crawford.
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Themes: early European missions, global expansion, contextualization, holistic mission, indigenous leadership, socioeconomic awareness.
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These notes trace the historical and global trajectory of Christian missions, highlighting principles of adaptation, cultural engagement, and holistic ministry across centuries and continents.
2. Notes
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Early European Missionaries: Venerable Bede, Gregory the Great, Augustine of England, Columba, St. Boniface.
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Conversion of Northern Europe: Scandinavia (Olaf of Norway, Kanut/Denmark, Erik the Red/Greenland, Leif Erikson/Iceland), late Christianization of Sweden and Finland.
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Political-Ecclesiastical Context: Charlemagne, Carolingian Renaissance, Saxon pacifications, Holy Roman Empire.
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Church & State Interaction: Royal favor, martyrdom, monasticism facilitated spread of Christianity.
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Early Middle East Missions: Nestorians in China; Byzantine diplomacy preserved Christian influence.
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Age of Discovery / Global Missions:
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Asia: Francis Xavier (Japan), Matteo Ricci (China), Nobili (India), Stefan Charp (Russia/Siberia).
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Africa: William Carey (India, missions methodology), John Philip, Robert Moffat, David Livingstone, Dan Crawford.
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South Pacific: Tahiti, Hawaii; initial resistance including cannibalism; missionary adaptation through teaching and local integration.
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Missionary Strategies:
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Integration of church and school.
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Scripture in local languages.
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Cultural understanding/worldview analysis.
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Personal, direct conversions.
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Development of sustainable local churches.
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Challenges: Massacres (e.g., Peking), Islamic resistance, political upheaval, local customs.
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Historical Highlights:
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Roman Empire collapse, Huns, Alaric the Goth, Clovis, early Islam (622 AD), Muhammad’s migration to Medina, Charlemagne’s crowning, Crusades and consequences.
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Crusades: negative impacts—injured Christian-Muslim relations, moral erosion, geopolitical shifts.
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Principles of Missions Emphasized by Bolt: knowledge of local culture, courage, personal sacrifice, methodical approach.
3. Key Terms
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Oficina Gentium: Imperial church offices interacting with feudal barbarian structures.
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Triad of Missionary Priorities: 1) needs of the poor, 2) proclamation of Gospel (kerygma), 3) establishment of churches.
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Celtic & Roman Missionary Streams: Irish monasticism, British missionary tradition, Roman ecclesiastical structure.
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Double Grace (Calvin context, referenced in prior sections): reconciliation and sanctification.
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Nestorians / Monastic Missions: early Christian expansion to Asia.
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Jesuit Strategies: language mastery, cultural understanding, personal example, local integration.
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Age of Discovery Missions: Francis Xavier, Matteo Ricci, Nobili, William Carey.
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Co-suffering / Co-witnessing: missionary principles emphasized for sustainability.
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Crusades: military-religious campaigns with long-term negative moral and relational consequences.
Here’s a refined, seminary-ready set of definitions for your latest Key Terms / Concepts, consistent with your existing glossary style:
📘 Key Terms / Concepts
Oficina Gentium
The institutional offices of the imperial church interacting with feudal and barbarian political structures. These offices facilitated governance, evangelization, and cultural negotiation in the expansion of Christianity across early medieval Europe.Triad of Missionary Priorities
A framework guiding missionary activity:-
Needs of the Poor – addressing physical, social, and spiritual needs.
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Proclamation of the Gospel (Kerygma) – announcing the life, death, and resurrection of Christ.
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Establishment of Churches – forming sustainable communities of faith that endure culturally and generationally.
Celtic & Roman Missionary Streams
Two major early Christian missionary traditions:-
Celtic – Irish monasticism and British missionary networks emphasizing asceticism, learning, and adaptive local engagement.
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Roman – Structured ecclesiastical hierarchy, sacramental order, and institutional oversight facilitating widespread evangelization.
Double Grace (Calvin Context)
Previously defined: the Calvinist concept of salvation encompassing both reconciliation (justification) and sanctification—God’s work restores right relationship and transforms the believer’s life.Nestorians / Monastic Missions
Early Christian expansion into Asia, emphasizing ascetic practice, theological distinctives, and cross-cultural engagement. Nestorian missions established churches and monastic communities far beyond the Roman Empire.Jesuit Strategies
Missionary methods developed by the Society of Jesus emphasizing:-
Mastery of local language and culture.
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Personal example of holiness and discipline.
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Integration into local social and political structures for effective ministry.
Age of Discovery Missions
Global missionary efforts during the 16th–18th centuries, including:-
Francis Xavier – Asia-Pacific evangelism.
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Matteo Ricci – China, cultural accommodation.
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Nobili – India, adaptive contextualization.
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William Carey – India, Bible translation, and social reform.
Co-suffering / Co-witnessing
Missionary principles emphasizing sustainability and relational integrity:-
Co-suffering – sharing hardships with communities being served.
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Co-witnessing – partnership in gospel proclamation across cultural and denominational boundaries.
Crusades
Military-religious campaigns during the medieval period. While intended for defense and holy purpose, they often had negative moral, cultural, and relational consequences, including violence, exploitation, and strained intercultural relations.-
4. Unclear / Questions
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Precise dates for early figures (e.g., Boniface, Wynfrith) are sometimes ambiguous in shorthand.
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Some abbreviations (“X churches,” “Ikdf,” “WGBM”) require clarification.
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Figures like “19000 Massacre” in Peking—specific historical source or context not fully clear.
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Notes mix geographic, historical, and missionary content densely, making sequence of events occasionally difficult to follow.
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Some references to cultural analogies (e.g., “mnophysites wine & water, Nestonians oil & water”) are shorthand and could use expansion for clarity.
If you want, I can start synthesizing sections 21–23 into a master 4-part summary, linking Bolt’s theological, historical, and missionary insights across these sections, which will make it much easier to see recurring themes and arguments.
Do you want me to do that next?
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